What this settles, and why it needed a faithful harness
This PR adds one file — a model-behavior eval — and changes no game code. It settles an open question from issue #182: the momentum meter is supposed to reward telling a connected story, and it climbs only when the Judge grades a turn's continuity as builds (a resets shatters it). The continuity definition rewards a turn that "meets a condition the figure revealed, exploits a change already recorded, or escalates the run's strategy." The last two clauses are not figure-specific — so a forward chain across different figures, each exploiting a landed change, should build momentum just like a same-figure thread. Does it actually?
An earlier playtest suggested no (momentum stuck at 0). But that run was unfaithful: it fed the Judge a global cross-figure history, where the real game sends a per-figure one. On a figure switch the Judge saw the previous, different figure's reply mislabeled as the current one's — corrupting the very grade under test. This eval rebuilds the test faithfully to settle it for real.
The continuity clauses that should work cross-figure, and the two inputs the real server derives.
90userMessage:"Set down the maths of a vessel that climbs by hurling its own mass — how much it must shed to break Earth's hold and reach the Moon.",
91figureReply:"The equation I can write — but it founders on fuel. No powder yields such speed. Bring me a fuel fiercer than gunpowder and I will chart the climb.",
92landed:{era:'Russia, 1885',headline:'Tsiolkovsky derives the equation for a mass-shedding vessel’s climb to orbit',whenSigned:1885}
96userMessage:'The fiercer fuel you asked for is liquid hydrogen burned with liquid oxygen — far past powder. Put that exhaust speed into your equation and chart the climb.',
97figureReply:'With that fuel the climb computes — yet the vessel cannot lift its own tanks full. The weight defeats the rise unless it sheds them spent, in stages.',
98landed:{era:'Russia, 1887',headline:'Tsiolkovsky proves a hydrogen-oxygen burn yields the velocity to leave Earth',whenSigned:1887}
102userMessage:'Then stage it, as you said — stack three vessels, each falling away the instant it burns dry so the next climbs lighter. That staircase reaches the Moon.',
103figureReply:'Yes — the staged tower is the answer. I will publish it: the road to the Moon is drawn.',
104landed:{era:'Russia, 1889',headline:'Tsiolkovsky publishes the staged rocket — a drawn road to the Moon',whenSigned:1889}
120userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
121figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
122landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
126userMessage:"Newton's reaction vessel is on the record. Now sustain its burn: derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat, steady and metered.",
127figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
128landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
132userMessage:"Bernoulli's metered jet is on the ledger but starved for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured charge to drive a craft to escape speed.",
133figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast, fed to that throat — it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
134landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
150userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
151figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
152landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
156userMessage:'A craft driven by its own expelled gas needs a sustained burn, not one shove. Derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat.',
157figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
158landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
162userMessage:'A throttled jet of hot gas can lift a craft but starves for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured burn, fierce enough to climb past the air.',
163figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast — fed to that throat, it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
164landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
Faithful to the server: per-figure reply, global ledger
The whole result hinges on reproducing exactly what server/api/send-message.post.ts sends the Judge. Two derivations carry it. lastFigureReply is the last reply in this figure's own thread — so it's empty on a figure switch, because a new figure has no prior reply (the server reads it from conversationWith(target)). ledgerDigest is the global run ledger: the last five change-headlines, regardless of which figure produced them. The eval accretes both after each turn's Judge call, so a turn never sees its own future reply or its own landed change.
lastFigureReply (per-figure, empty on switch) + ledgerDigest (global), then the real Judge call.
90userMessage:"Set down the maths of a vessel that climbs by hurling its own mass — how much it must shed to break Earth's hold and reach the Moon.",
91figureReply:"The equation I can write — but it founders on fuel. No powder yields such speed. Bring me a fuel fiercer than gunpowder and I will chart the climb.",
92landed:{era:'Russia, 1885',headline:'Tsiolkovsky derives the equation for a mass-shedding vessel’s climb to orbit',whenSigned:1885}
96userMessage:'The fiercer fuel you asked for is liquid hydrogen burned with liquid oxygen — far past powder. Put that exhaust speed into your equation and chart the climb.',
97figureReply:'With that fuel the climb computes — yet the vessel cannot lift its own tanks full. The weight defeats the rise unless it sheds them spent, in stages.',
98landed:{era:'Russia, 1887',headline:'Tsiolkovsky proves a hydrogen-oxygen burn yields the velocity to leave Earth',whenSigned:1887}
102userMessage:'Then stage it, as you said — stack three vessels, each falling away the instant it burns dry so the next climbs lighter. That staircase reaches the Moon.',
103figureReply:'Yes — the staged tower is the answer. I will publish it: the road to the Moon is drawn.',
104landed:{era:'Russia, 1889',headline:'Tsiolkovsky publishes the staged rocket — a drawn road to the Moon',whenSigned:1889}
120userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
121figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
122landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
126userMessage:"Newton's reaction vessel is on the record. Now sustain its burn: derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat, steady and metered.",
127figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
128landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
132userMessage:"Bernoulli's metered jet is on the ledger but starved for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured charge to drive a craft to escape speed.",
133figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast, fed to that throat — it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
134landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
150userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
151figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
152landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
156userMessage:'A craft driven by its own expelled gas needs a sustained burn, not one shove. Derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat.',
157figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
158landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
162userMessage:'A throttled jet of hot gas can lift a craft but starves for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured burn, fierce enough to climb past the air.',
163figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast — fed to that throat, it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
164landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
The crux: a cross-figure chain that exploits the ledger
Scenario B is the heart of the test. Three different figures — Newton, Bernoulli, Nobel — each dispatch building on the change the previous one landed and escalating toward the objective's anchor year. Newton plants the reaction principle; Bernoulli is told to give that recorded vessel a sustained burn; Nobel is told to fuel that metered jet. Each carries an empty lastFigureReply.
Scenario B — each turn names the prior figure's recorded change (explicit ledger reference).
90userMessage:"Set down the maths of a vessel that climbs by hurling its own mass — how much it must shed to break Earth's hold and reach the Moon.",
91figureReply:"The equation I can write — but it founders on fuel. No powder yields such speed. Bring me a fuel fiercer than gunpowder and I will chart the climb.",
92landed:{era:'Russia, 1885',headline:'Tsiolkovsky derives the equation for a mass-shedding vessel’s climb to orbit',whenSigned:1885}
96userMessage:'The fiercer fuel you asked for is liquid hydrogen burned with liquid oxygen — far past powder. Put that exhaust speed into your equation and chart the climb.',
97figureReply:'With that fuel the climb computes — yet the vessel cannot lift its own tanks full. The weight defeats the rise unless it sheds them spent, in stages.',
98landed:{era:'Russia, 1887',headline:'Tsiolkovsky proves a hydrogen-oxygen burn yields the velocity to leave Earth',whenSigned:1887}
102userMessage:'Then stage it, as you said — stack three vessels, each falling away the instant it burns dry so the next climbs lighter. That staircase reaches the Moon.',
103figureReply:'Yes — the staged tower is the answer. I will publish it: the road to the Moon is drawn.',
104landed:{era:'Russia, 1889',headline:'Tsiolkovsky publishes the staged rocket — a drawn road to the Moon',whenSigned:1889}
120userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
121figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
122landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
126userMessage:"Newton's reaction vessel is on the record. Now sustain its burn: derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat, steady and metered.",
127figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
128landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
132userMessage:"Bernoulli's metered jet is on the ledger but starved for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured charge to drive a craft to escape speed.",
133figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast, fed to that throat — it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
134landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
150userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
151figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
152landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
156userMessage:'A craft driven by its own expelled gas needs a sustained burn, not one shove. Derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat.',
157figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
158landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
162userMessage:'A throttled jet of hot gas can lift a craft but starves for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured burn, fierce enough to climb past the air.',
163figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast — fed to that throat, it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
164landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
B's messages say the quiet part out loud ("on the record", "on the ledger"), which invites the objection that the Judge was led. So scenario B′ runs the same chain phrased naturally — same substantive build, no signposting — to check whether the Judge connects the dispatch to the ledger digest on its own.
Scenario B′ — the same chain, naturally phrased, with no "on the ledger" hint.
90userMessage:"Set down the maths of a vessel that climbs by hurling its own mass — how much it must shed to break Earth's hold and reach the Moon.",
91figureReply:"The equation I can write — but it founders on fuel. No powder yields such speed. Bring me a fuel fiercer than gunpowder and I will chart the climb.",
92landed:{era:'Russia, 1885',headline:'Tsiolkovsky derives the equation for a mass-shedding vessel’s climb to orbit',whenSigned:1885}
96userMessage:'The fiercer fuel you asked for is liquid hydrogen burned with liquid oxygen — far past powder. Put that exhaust speed into your equation and chart the climb.',
97figureReply:'With that fuel the climb computes — yet the vessel cannot lift its own tanks full. The weight defeats the rise unless it sheds them spent, in stages.',
98landed:{era:'Russia, 1887',headline:'Tsiolkovsky proves a hydrogen-oxygen burn yields the velocity to leave Earth',whenSigned:1887}
102userMessage:'Then stage it, as you said — stack three vessels, each falling away the instant it burns dry so the next climbs lighter. That staircase reaches the Moon.',
103figureReply:'Yes — the staged tower is the answer. I will publish it: the road to the Moon is drawn.',
104landed:{era:'Russia, 1889',headline:'Tsiolkovsky publishes the staged rocket — a drawn road to the Moon',whenSigned:1889}
120userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
121figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
122landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
126userMessage:"Newton's reaction vessel is on the record. Now sustain its burn: derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat, steady and metered.",
127figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
128landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
132userMessage:"Bernoulli's metered jet is on the ledger but starved for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured charge to drive a craft to escape speed.",
133figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast, fed to that throat — it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
134landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
150userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
151figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
152landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
156userMessage:'A craft driven by its own expelled gas needs a sustained burn, not one shove. Derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat.',
157figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
158landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
162userMessage:'A throttled jet of hot gas can lift a craft but starves for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured burn, fierce enough to climb past the air.',
163figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast — fed to that throat, it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
164landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
Run against the real Judge (Haiku, temperature 0), N=4 samples per turn, the grades are unanimous and clear. Momentum is projected under a non-loss roll so the continuity grade — the lever under test — fully drives the climb, isolating it from the orthogonal, already-tested dice.
Scenario
T2
T3
momentum
what it shows
A same-figure thread
builds
builds
0→1→2
the baseline coherent case
B cross-figure, exploits ledger
builds
builds
0→1→2
the crux — empty per-figure reply
B′ cross-figure, natural phrasing
builds
builds
0→1→2
no signposting — Judge connects it itself
C disconnected control
resets
neutral
flat at 0
momentum isn't always stuck
Continuity grade and projected momentum per turn (T1 is neutral by design — no thread yet).
The B / B′ scoring — a reset on the build turns would be flagged as the bug.
90userMessage:"Set down the maths of a vessel that climbs by hurling its own mass — how much it must shed to break Earth's hold and reach the Moon.",
91figureReply:"The equation I can write — but it founders on fuel. No powder yields such speed. Bring me a fuel fiercer than gunpowder and I will chart the climb.",
92landed:{era:'Russia, 1885',headline:'Tsiolkovsky derives the equation for a mass-shedding vessel’s climb to orbit',whenSigned:1885}
96userMessage:'The fiercer fuel you asked for is liquid hydrogen burned with liquid oxygen — far past powder. Put that exhaust speed into your equation and chart the climb.',
97figureReply:'With that fuel the climb computes — yet the vessel cannot lift its own tanks full. The weight defeats the rise unless it sheds them spent, in stages.',
98landed:{era:'Russia, 1887',headline:'Tsiolkovsky proves a hydrogen-oxygen burn yields the velocity to leave Earth',whenSigned:1887}
102userMessage:'Then stage it, as you said — stack three vessels, each falling away the instant it burns dry so the next climbs lighter. That staircase reaches the Moon.',
103figureReply:'Yes — the staged tower is the answer. I will publish it: the road to the Moon is drawn.',
104landed:{era:'Russia, 1889',headline:'Tsiolkovsky publishes the staged rocket — a drawn road to the Moon',whenSigned:1889}
120userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
121figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
122landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
126userMessage:"Newton's reaction vessel is on the record. Now sustain its burn: derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat, steady and metered.",
127figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
128landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
132userMessage:"Bernoulli's metered jet is on the ledger but starved for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured charge to drive a craft to escape speed.",
133figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast, fed to that throat — it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
134landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
150userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
151figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
152landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
156userMessage:'A craft driven by its own expelled gas needs a sustained burn, not one shove. Derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat.',
157figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
158landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
162userMessage:'A throttled jet of hot gas can lift a craft but starves for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured burn, fierce enough to climb past the air.',
163figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast — fed to that throat, it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
164landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
The fidelity guard against grading unsendable text
One trap nearly slipped through. The real server rejects (HTTP 400) a player dispatch longer than MAX_MESSAGE_CHARS (160) — it does not truncate it. An independent audit caught that four of the crux build-turn messages had drifted to 171–179 characters: the eval was grading builds on dispatches a player could never send. The messages were rewritten to fit, and this no-API test now fails the whole suite if any fixture drifts past the cap again.
Runs without a key, so CI catches an over-length fixture before it can produce a false 'builds'.
90userMessage:"Set down the maths of a vessel that climbs by hurling its own mass — how much it must shed to break Earth's hold and reach the Moon.",
91figureReply:"The equation I can write — but it founders on fuel. No powder yields such speed. Bring me a fuel fiercer than gunpowder and I will chart the climb.",
92landed:{era:'Russia, 1885',headline:'Tsiolkovsky derives the equation for a mass-shedding vessel’s climb to orbit',whenSigned:1885}
96userMessage:'The fiercer fuel you asked for is liquid hydrogen burned with liquid oxygen — far past powder. Put that exhaust speed into your equation and chart the climb.',
97figureReply:'With that fuel the climb computes — yet the vessel cannot lift its own tanks full. The weight defeats the rise unless it sheds them spent, in stages.',
98landed:{era:'Russia, 1887',headline:'Tsiolkovsky proves a hydrogen-oxygen burn yields the velocity to leave Earth',whenSigned:1887}
102userMessage:'Then stage it, as you said — stack three vessels, each falling away the instant it burns dry so the next climbs lighter. That staircase reaches the Moon.',
103figureReply:'Yes — the staged tower is the answer. I will publish it: the road to the Moon is drawn.',
104landed:{era:'Russia, 1889',headline:'Tsiolkovsky publishes the staged rocket — a drawn road to the Moon',whenSigned:1889}
120userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
121figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
122landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
126userMessage:"Newton's reaction vessel is on the record. Now sustain its burn: derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat, steady and metered.",
127figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
128landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
132userMessage:"Bernoulli's metered jet is on the ledger but starved for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured charge to drive a craft to escape speed.",
133figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast, fed to that throat — it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
134landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}
150userMessage:'Your third law implies a craft can ride its own thrown mass through the void. Publish it: a vessel reacts against what it expels, needing no air to push on.',
151figureReply:'A vessel moved by its own ejecta — the mathematics hold even in vacuum. I shall set it among the laws.',
152landed:{era:'England, 1687',headline:'Newton publishes the reaction principle: a vessel accelerates by expelling mass, even in vacuum',whenSigned:1687}
156userMessage:'A craft driven by its own expelled gas needs a sustained burn, not one shove. Derive the thrust of hot gas forced through a narrowed throat.',
157figureReply:'Force the hot gas through a throat and the stream quickens — a controlled jet. I can derive its thrust from the pressure drop.',
158landed:{era:'Switzerland, 1738',headline:'Bernoulli derives sustained, metered thrust from gas forced through a throat',whenSigned:1738}
162userMessage:'A throttled jet of hot gas can lift a craft but starves for power. Tame your nitroglycerin into a measured burn, fierce enough to climb past the air.',
163figureReply:'My explosive, tamed into a measured burn rather than a blast — fed to that throat, it could drive a craft past the sky. A daring use.',
164landed:{era:'Sweden, 1867',headline:'Nobel adapts stabilised nitroglycerin into a metered rocket propellant',whenSigned:1867}